►精神品质类
team spirit：团队精神
teamwork：团队合作
strengthen mutual cooperation：增强相互合作
cultivate the atmosphere of teamwork：形成团队精神
patience：耐心
prudence：谨慎
persistence/perseverance：恒心/毅力/坚持 对应：give up halfway(半途而废)
endeavor：努力
diligence/painstaking efforts：勤奋
self-dependence/self-reliance/independence：自立
innovation/creativity/critical thinking：创新
self-confidence：自信(lack of confidence：缺乏自信)
modesty：谦虚
striving spirit：奋斗精神
the spirit of competition：拼搏精神
aggressive：有进取心的
strong-willed：意志坚强的
tireless：孜孜不倦的
persevering：不屈不挠的
consistent：始终如一的
adversity and hardship：逆境和苦难a sense of achievement：成就感
sense of honor：荣誉感
entertain great ambitions：胸怀抱负
reap without sowing：不劳而获
haste makes waste：欲速则不达
utilitarian：功利的，急功近利的
actions：行动(take actions：付诸行动)
down-to-earth：务实的
thrift：勤俭
honesty：诚信
respect the old and care for the young：尊老爱幼
curiosity：充满好奇
spirit of the craftsman/craftsman's spirit/craftsmanship spirit：工匠精神
striving for the best/striving for excellence：精益求精
►道德类
public morality：公德
devotion/dedication：奉献
charity：慈善
duty/responsibility：责任
sense of responsibility：责任感
shoulder/assume/undertake one's duties/responsibility：承担责任
avoid/shirk/shun one's duties/responsibility：逃避责任traditional virtues：传统美德
practice filial piety：奉行孝道
selfless devotion：无私奉献
Patriotism：爱国主义
comply with the law/observation of the law：遵守法律
comply with public morality：遵守公德
follow the morals：按道德行事
improve public morals：改进社会风气
safeguard public morals：维护公共道德
injure public morality：损害公共道德
be public-spirited：有公德心的
the corruption of public morality：公德堕落
the lack of moral sense：道德缺失
the crisis of trust：信任危机
spit everywhere：随地吐痰
make noise/talk loudly：大声喧哗
littering：乱丢垃圾
empty promise：空洞承诺
false promise：虚假承诺
compete for benefits：争抢利益
unfair competitions：不公平竞争
consumers' rights and interests：消费者权益disregard the public rules：无视公共规章
break/violate public regulations：违反公共规章
benevolence：善心仁慈
with heart and soul：全心全意
amicable：友好的
charitable：宽厚的
credibility：信誉，美誉
fake commodities：伪劣产品
dishonest behaviors：欺诈行为
unaffordable prices of medicines：药价虚高
academic corruption：学术腐败
plagiarism：剽窃抄袭
excessive growth：过度上涨
illegal ads：非法广告
food safety：食品安全
misdeed/misconduct：不良行为
spirit of contact：契约精神
volunteer/volunteering/volunteering service：志愿者/志愿者活动/志愿服务
volunteer spirit：志愿者精神
►家庭类或两代关系类
mutual understanding：相互理解
aging society：老龄化社会population aging：人口老龄化
generation gap：代沟
widen/expand generation gap：扩大代沟
narrow/bridge generation gap：消除代沟
chauvinism：大男子主义
career women：职业妇女
domestic/family violence：家庭暴力
foster/raise/breed/nurture/bring up：抚养
household chores：繁杂家务
spoil children/dote on children：溺爱孩子
over-indulgence：纵容溺爱
only child：独生子女
the universal two-child policy：全面二孩政策
例：The aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child
policy.(全面二孩政策将有效应对人口老龄化趋势)
boomerang kids/the NEET group(NEET=Not currently engaged in Education,
Employment or Training)：啃老族
a well-off family：小康之家
nuclear famaily：核心家庭
a single-parent family：单亲家庭
one's later years/one's remaining years：晚年
filial piety：孝道practice filial piety/fulfill filial duty：奉行孝道
support(take care of/sustain) the elderly(the old/the aged/the senior/aged
parents/the old and infirm parents)：赡养老人
show solicitude for parents：关心父母
mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents：虐待父母
cousin：堂兄妹，表兄妹
offspring：后代，后辈
ancestor：祖先
heir：继承人
►环保类(重要)
注：1992 年以来，环保类话题在英语(一)大作文中已考过 3 次，是重要的考查话题。
environment-friendly：生态环保的
conserve natural habitats：保护生存环境
animal rights activist：动物权益保护者
natural reserve：自然保护区
natural resources：自然资源
energy conservation and environmental protection：节能环保
biodiversity：生物多样性
extinction：灭绝
wind breaks：防风林
sand breaks：防沙林
climate change：气候变化greenhouse effect：温室效应
threat of global warming：全球变暖的威胁
develop renewable resources：开发可再生资源
low-carbon economy：低碳经济
low-carbon lifestyle：低碳生活方式
environmental awareness：环境意识
deforestation：森林消失
landslide：山体滑坡
biodegradable：可生物降解的
environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products：环保产品
household garbage：生活垃圾
waste sorting/garbage classification：垃圾分类
motor vehicle pollution：汽车尾气污染
reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles：减少汽车尾气的排放
low-emission cars：小排量汽车
high-emission cars：大排量汽车
public transport：公共交通
green commuting：绿色出行
water and soil erosion：水土流失
soot emissions：烟尘排放
sea water desalinization：海水淡化
eco-demonstration region：生态示范区Nationally Designated Garden City：国家级园林城市
create pleasant living environment：创造怡人的生活环境
air pollution：空气污染
degradation/deterioration of air quality：空气质量恶化
discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas：排放有毒气体
acid rain：酸雨
drought：干旱
sandstorm：沙尘暴
toxic waste：有毒废物
industrial waste：工业废物
sewage treatment：污水处理
►健康类
注：只在 1996、1997 这两年考过。健康类话题英语(二)考查的可能性比较大。
physical health/fitness/well-being：生理健康
mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being：心理健康
improve/enhance physical(psychological) health：增进生理(心理)健康
hurt/damage physical(psychological)health：损害生理(心理)健康
health concern：健康问题
state of health：健康状况
sub-health：亚健康
public health：公共卫生
state of mind：心态physical exercises：体育锻炼
well-balanced diet：均衡饮食
sacrifice health：牺牲健康
junk food：垃圾食品
food additives：食品添加剂
go on a diet：节食，减肥
arrhythmia：心律不齐
indigestion：消化不良
vaccinate：打疫苗
infectious disease/illness：传染病
chronic disease/illness：慢性病
non-acclimatization：水土不服
relapse：复发症
stupor：昏迷
nearsightedness/myopia/short-sightedness：近视
malnutrition：营养不良
chill：打冷战
►文化类(重要)
注：文化类话题是英语(一)大作文的高频考查话题，1992 年以来已考过 4 次，最近一
次是在 2010 年(文化火锅)。截至目前，已有 7 年未考了，2018 考研务必重视这个话题。
culture and civilization：文化和文明
The cultural blending/integration/fusion：文化融合cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange：文化交流
cultural diversity：文化多元化
multiculturalism：多元文化
cultural identity：文化特性
cultural treasures：文化宝藏
cultural heritage/legacy：文化遗产
cultural relics：文物
cultural facilities：文化设施
cultural devolution：文化退化
cultural insights：文化视角
traditional Chinese culture/national culture：民族(传统)文化
alien/foreign culture：外国文化
Chinese cultural symbols：中国文化的符号
advocate/carry forward traditional culture：弘扬传统文化
preserve and cherish traditions：保存和珍惜传统
undermine traditions：破坏传统
great and profound：博大精深的
public literature：大众文学
light literature：通俗文学
local customs and practices：风土人情
cross-cultural communication：跨文化交流
spiritual civilization：精神文明break with old customs：抛弃传统
hand down from generation to generation：代代相传
minority：少数民族
national pride：民族自豪
original：原始原创的
charming：极具魅力的
splendid：壮丽辉煌的
talk show：谈话节目
crash：碰撞
collection：收藏品
mahjong：麻将
Peking/Beijing opera：京剧
Tang Suit：唐装
folk art：民间艺术
paper-cut：剪纸
Confucius Institute：孔子学院
Chinese craze：中国热
►教育类
注：教育类话题英语(二)考查的可能性比较大。
compulsory education：义务教育
life-long education：终身教育
exam/test-oriented education：应试教育quality education：素质教育
well-rounded development of a child：全面发展
balanced development of a child：均衡发展
cultural quality：文化素质
impart knowledge and educate people：教书育人
dropout student：失学儿童
intellectual property：知识产权
law education：法制教育
teach students according to their aptitude：因材施教
force-feeding method of teaching：填鸭式教学
academic/theoretical knowledge：理论知识
practical skills：实用技能
integrate theory with practice：理论联系实际
disconnect theory from practice：理论脱离实际
shape/mould one's character：塑造性格
extra-curricular activities：课外活动
the spirit of exploration：探索精神
cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking：培养创新思维
stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity：扼杀创造力
sap/dampen student's interest in sth.：挫伤学生对某事的兴趣
opening ceremony：开学典礼
key school：重点中学private school：私立学校
public school：公立学校
eliminate illiteracy：扫盲
miss a class：缺课
cut a class：旷课
drop out：辍学
quit school：退学
assistantship：助学金
scholarship：奖学金
university graduates：大学毕业生
pursue post-graduate study/take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates：
考研
study abroad/go abroad for further education：出国留学
excessive/undue academic pressure：过大的学习压力
the burden of study/learning：学习负担
ease/relieve academic pressure：缓解学习压力
intensify academic pressure：增强学习压力
academic atmosphere：学习气氛
►经济类
economic globalization：经济全球化
recession/bleeding economy：经济不景气
economic/financial crisis：经济/金融危机the fallout of economic/financial crisis：经济/金融危机的影响
economic recovery：经济复苏
economic prosperity：经济繁荣
spur/stimulate economic development：刺激经济发展
hinder/impede economic development：阻碍经济发展
job market：就业市场
look for/hunt for/seek a job：找工作
job seeker：求职者
a tough job market：严峻的就业形势
unrealistic salary expectations：不切实际的薪资期望
pursue a high-paid job：追求高薪工作
without/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical
abilities/vocational skills/career skills：没有或缺乏实践经验/实践能力/职业技能
lose one's job/be unemployed：失业
job losses mount, unemployment climbs：失业加剧
unemployment：失业人数
generate/create/afford job opportunities/employment opportunities：创造/提
供就业机会
career guidance：就业指导
decline/recession/depression：萎缩/衰退/萧条
bubble economy：泡沫经济
demand exceed supply：供不应求turn loss into gains：转亏为盈
stabilize prices：稳定物价
unfair competition：不正当竞争
fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competition：激烈竞争
fake and inferior product：假冒伪劣产品
after-sale service：售后服务
enterprise image：企业形象
brand effect：品牌效应
over-consuming：超前消费
reduce the funding for...：减少经费
lift/elevate people's standard of living：提高人们的生活水平
lower citizens' standard of living：降低居民生活水平
eliminate poverty：消除贫困
expand the gap between the wealthy and the needy：扩大贫富差距
increase/expand domestic demand：扩大内需
spur/stimulate consumption：刺激消费
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