That’s why Sarkozy’s word were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krug man is one of the few willing to losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice.
A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.
The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy- to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade, Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.
56. It can be inferred that “protection” (Line1, Para.1) means .
A. improving economic efficiency
B. ending the free-trade practice
C. lowering moral standard
D. raising trade tariffs
57. The Western leaders preach free trade because .
A. it is beneficial to their economics
B. it is supported by developing countries
C. it makes them keep faith in their principles
D. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith
58. By “the tables have turned” (Line 3-4, Para.2) the author implies that .
A. the Western leaders have turned self-centered
B. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free trade
C. the developed economics have turned less competitive
D. the developing economics have become more independent
59. The Western economists used to like the idea of “creative destruction” because it .
A. set a long-term rather than short-term goal
B. was an essential part of capitalist development
C. entailed a positive rather than negative mentality
D. was meant to be the destruction of developing economics
60. The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that .
A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical
B. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice
C. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates
D. European countries’ interests are being ignored by economic leaders
Section Ⅳ Translation (20 points)
Directions: in this section there is a paragraph in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
The term “business model “first came into widespread use with the invention of the personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序)。Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended—for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?—and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.
Section ⅤWriting (20 points)
Directions: in this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
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